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Contentious Tax Quarterly Review – Spring 2025
This Contentious Tax Review provides an update on a number of recent important decisions in the tax disputes arena.
Read moreFormer England captain's IR35 battle with HMRC ends in a score draw
In Bryan Robson Ltd v HMRC [2025] TC09408, the First-tier Tribunal considered the IR35 legislation in relation to ex-England footballer Bryan Robson. It found payments made for his ambassadorial role at Manchester United fell within the scope of the IR35 legislation, while payments made to him in respect of his image rights did not.
Read moreChallenging HMRC's Debt Management Actions - Lessons Learned from Local Fuel Ltd
Michelle Sloane and Daniel Williams consider when a private law action, rather than judicial review, is appropriate to challenge a decision taken by HMRC's debt management team.
Read moreTribunal allows capital allowances claim for expenditure on construction of a quay wall at the Port of Liverpool
In The Mersey Docks and Harbour Company Ltd v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 1163 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal allowed the company's claim for capital allowances in respect of expenditure incurred on the construction of a quay wall at a new deep-water container terminal at the Port of Liverpool.
Read moreCriminal Offences and Prosecutions for Tax Fraud
Adam Craggs and Daniel Williams consider HMRC's approach to investigation and prosecution of various tax fraud offences, and deferred prosecution agreements and unexplained wealth orders.
Read moreCourt of Appeal confirms that compensatory payments made to settle regulatory investigations are not penalties
In ScottishPower (SCPL) Ltd and others v HMRC [2025] EWCA Civ 3, the Court of Appeal held that compensatory payments made to consumers in settlement of regulatory investigations were not penalties and therefore were deductible for corporation tax purposes.
Read moreBusiness Briefing: Navigating The New US-UK Trade Tariffs
The Trump administration has introduced sweeping tariffs on goods imported into the United States. This move is expected to cause significant disruption to global trade, with notable consequences for UK businesses. As the ripple effects unfold, understanding the scope of the tariffs and how to respond strategically will be crucial for UK businesses looking to protect their margins, adapt their operations, and plan confidently for the future.
Read moreUT allows company's appeal as payment to EBT was not earnings of its employee
In M R Currell Ltd v HMRC [2024] UKUT 00404, the Upper Tribunal set aside the First-tier Tribunal's decision and held that a payment from a company to an employee benefit trust was not taxable earnings as the facts were distinguishable from those in RFC 2012 plc (formerly The Rangers Football Club plc) v Advocate General for Scotland [2017] UKSC 45.
Read moreJudicial review in tax disputes – an overview
Judicial review remains an important tool for taxpayers to challenge HMRC's decisions, and it is important for taxpayers and practitioners to have a clear understanding of the judicial review process.
Read moreCourt allows taxpayer's appeal and agrees the "exceptional circumstances" exemption was satisfied
In A Taxpayer v HMRC [2025] EWCA Civ 106, the Court of Appeal allowed the taxpayer's appeal, agreeing with the First-tier Tribunal's decision that the "exceptional circumstances" exemption in paragraph 22(4), Schedule 45, Finance Act 2013, was satisfied.
Read moreHigh Court permits recission in EBT case enabling taxpayers to avoid IHT liability
In JTC Employer Solutions Trustee Ltd and others v Garnett and another, the High Court allowed the claimants' claim and permitted rescission in relation to various Employee Benefit Trust appointments to sub-trusts, with the result that there was no IHT liability as the mistake in creating the sub-trusts was sufficiently serious to render it unconscionable to leave the mistaken disposition uncorrected.
Read more6 April 2025 - date confirmed for UK consumer protection law regime overhaul
The Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (DMCCA) is set to substantially overhaul the UK's consumer protection law and enforcement regime. We now know the date that key consumer protection and enforcement changes will come into force: 6 April 2025.
Read moreTribunal allows taxpayer's appeal in R&D relief claim
In Stage one Creative Services Ltd v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 1059 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal allowed the taxpayer's appeal against HMRC's decision to refuse R&D relief claims on the basis that the relevant projects were not "subsidised" or "contracted out".
Read moreSupreme Court rejects taxpayers' appeals and denies enterprise zone allowances
In R (ota of Cobalt Data Centre 2 LLP and another) v HMRC [2024] UKSC 40, the Supreme Court dismissed the taxpayers' appeals concerning capital allowances on enterprise zone expenditure, confirming the correct interpretation of section 298 of the Capital Allowances Act 2001.
Read moreThe Public Accounts Committee's report on tax evasion in the retail sector
Adam Craggs and Jasprit Singh share their thoughts on the Public Accounts Committee’s criticisms of HMRC’s approach to tax evasion in the retail sector
Read moreR&D claim upheld by Tax Tribunal
In Collins Construction Ltd v HMRC [2024] TC09332, the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) upheld the company's claim for R&D tax relief rejecting HMRC's claims that the expenditure was "subsidised" or tied to "contracted out" activities.
Read moreContentious Tax Review
A recap of important tax decisions from 2024, with a particular focus on interesting procedural and jurisdictional issues that the tax tribunals and courts considered, including decisions on anonymity in tax appeals, cross-examination in judicial review, and the consequences of failing to comply with tribunal directions.
Read moreTribunal allows taxpayers' appeals as they were carrying on a business with a view to profit
In GCH Corporation Ltd and others v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 922 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) allowed the taxpayers' appeals and concluded that GCH Active LLP was carrying on a "business" with a view to profit at the time loan notes were transferred to it and the requirements of section 59A, Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (TCGA), were therefore satisfied and the transfers were capital contributions rather than disposals and no chargeable gain arose.
Read moreRegulators support government growth objective and aim to reduce regulatory burden
Since the general election, the new Labour government has been signalling its intentions for financial services as a key driver of its economic growth agenda and, following the Autumn Budget, HM Treasury launched a call for evidence which outlined the government's plans for its Financial Services Growth & Competitiveness Strategy (Strategy).
Read moreUpper Tribunal considers when a dividend becomes 'due and payable' for tax purposes
In HMRC v Gould [2024] UKUT 00285 (TCC), the Upper Tribunal dismissed HMRC's appeal and confirmed that an enforceable debt arises when a company pays an interim dividend to one shareholder but not another of the same class.
Read moreFCA consults on new reporting obligations for (i) incidents and (ii) third party arrangements
On 13 December 2024, the FCA published consultation paper CP24/28 (the CP) on proposals for firms to report on operational incidents and, separately, on material third party arrangements. The CP mirrors similar proposals put forward by the PRA and Bank of England on the same day and is designed to align with current international standards (e.g. the EU Regulation on digital operational resilience (DORA)).
Read moreLoan Charge regime - High Court strikes out taxpayers' Part 8 claims as abuse of process
In allowing HMRC's appeal, the High Court determined that the taxpayers' claims in respect of the Loan Charge should be struck out as an abuse of process.
Read moreUpper Tribunal allows taxpayers' appeals on 'deliberate' behaviour
In the Outram case, the Upper Tribunal overturned the First-tier Tribunal's decision concluding that it had erred in law when deciding that the taxpayers had deliberately filed an inaccurate return without considering the subjective knowledge and intention of the taxpayers concerned.
Read morePrivacy developments – looking back and looking forward
In this article, we give you a high-level snapshot of the key data protection and privacy developments in the UK and EU in 2024 as well as developments we anticipate for 2025.
Read moreWill the UK government's latest measures targeting promoters of tax avoidance and fraud be effective?
In this article, which is based on an article published in Issue 4 2024 of the British Tax Review, Adam Craggs considers whether the UK's latest measures targeting promoters of tax avoidance schemes and tax fraud will be effective.
Read morePreparing for an HMRC dawn raid
How to prepare for a dawn raid by HMRC under the authority of a search warrant issued under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE), enabling them to enter and search premises to investigate suspected tax fraud.
Read moreThe EU's Cyber Resilience Act: 10 on the 10
Today the EU's Cyber Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/2847) ('CRA') enters into force. The CRA recognises that the continuously evolving world of smart products is frequently challenged by vulnerabilities which can potentially lead to cyber-security incidents. Whilst most of the Act's obligations will not be applicable until three years from now, 10 December is the day when the EU takes a big step towards it's ten-year Cybersecurity Strategy. To mark the occasion, we have outlined ten key points that entities in scope must be aware of in preparation for compliance with the CRA.
Read moreTribunal strikes out HMRC's application for a tax-related information notice penalty against Paul Baxendale-Walker
In Paul Baxendale-Walker v HMRC [2024] UKUT 00154 (TC), the Upper Tribunal granted an application by the taxpayer, under Rule 8(3)(c) of the Upper Tribunal Procedure (Upper Tribunal) Rules 2008, to strike out HMRC's application seeking a tax-related information notice penalty pursuant to paragraph 50 of Schedule 36, Finance Act 2008.
Read moreCourt of Appeal considers HMRC's CIS powers and allows taxpayers' appeals
In Beech Developments (Manchester) Ltd & Ors v Commissioners for His Majesty's Revenue and Customs [2024] EWCA Civ 486, the Court of Appeal allowed the taxpayers' appeals, finding that HMRC does have power to issue a direction under Regulation 9(4) of the Construction Industry Scheme Regulations, where the same amount has been subject to a regulation 13 determination.
Read moreTribunal finds insufficiency in taxpayer's return was not brought about "deliberately"
In allowing the taxpayer's appeal, the First-tier Tribunal determined that an insufficiency in his return was not brought about deliberately.
Read moreIs an insurer responsible for 'the same damage' as its insured?
Same Damage and Third Party Rights: unpacking Riedweg v HCC and the 2010 Act
Read moreDigital operational resilience: the UK regulatory landscape
Operational Resilience in the supply chain has become an undeniable priority for all financial service providers across the continent.
Read moreContentious Tax Quarterly Review: November 2024
Adam Craggs and Harry Smith of RPC provide a Contentious Tax Quarterly Update discussing recent developments in tax litigation.
Read moreSIPP providers – What's next?
Last week the FCA issued a Dear CEO letter to SIPP operators. The letter is one of many the FCA has sent as follow-ups on the consumer duty (including the most recent letters to lifetime mortgage providers) and is a must read for those in the SIPP sector. The letter highlights the FCA's focus areas of ensuring redress is paid (where the FCA does not consider sufficient progress has been made), "outlier firms" when it comes to holdings in non-standard assets, and implementation of the consumer duty, particularly around distribution strategies/identifying target markets.
Read moreFailure to prevent fraud: key guidance released
On 6 November 2024, the Home Office released its much-anticipated guidance on the new failure to prevent fraud offence and the procedures that organisations can implement to prevent associated persons from committing fraud offences. Running to 44 pages, this guidance is crucial as it provides a framework for large organisations to establish effective fraud prevention measures.
Read moreTribunal finds that mixed-use SDLT rates should be reined in for purchase of property and paddock
The Upper Tribunal dismissed HMRC's appeal and confirmed that mixed stamp duty land tax (SDLT) rates applied to the purchase of a property and adjoining paddock where a grazing lease for the latter was granted shortly after completion.
Read moreThe new Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Bill: where are we with legislation governing lithium-ion battery safety?
The new Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Bill underwent its first reading on 6 September 2024. We explain the aims of the bill and consider how it fits with the proposed Product Safety and Metrology Bill.
Read moreAutumn Budget 2024: summary of implications for businesses and individuals
Adam Craggs explores the key implications of the Autumn Budget 2024 for businesses and individuals.
Read moreTribunal allows taxpayer's appeal against information notice
In Sangha v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 00564 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) allowed, in part, Mr Sangha's appeal against HMRC's information notice issued under paragraph 1, Schedule 36, Finance Act 2008 as the information was not 'reasonably required' or in his 'possession or power'.
Read moreClientEarth challenges claims made by BlackRock in its sustainable funds
Not only are regulators clamping down on greenwashing but, as previously highlighted, ClientEarth, a non-profit international environmental law organisation, also has this issue squarely in its sights.
Read moreGovernment consults on regulation of Buy-Now Pay-Later products
In 2021, HM Treasury announced its intention to regulate certain unregulated buy-now pay-later (BNPL) products in the UK. This followed recommendations made in the Woolard Review which raised concerns about the increased use of BNPL products during the pandemic and the significant risk that these unregulated credit products could cause consumer harm.
Read moreFCA consults on changes to the payments safeguarding regime
Under the Payment Services Regulations 2017 (PSRs) and the E-Money Regulations 2011 (EMRs) payment institutions (PIs), electronic money institutions (EMIs), small EMIs and credit unions are required to protect "relevant funds" which they receive when making a payment or in exchange for e-money that has been issued. Current safeguarding requirements are set out in the PSRs and EMRs, with guidance contained in the Financial Conduct Authority's (FCA) Approach Document.
Read moreHMRC's DOTAS application struck out
In HMRC v Elite Management Consultancy Ltd (in administration) and Adam Bale [2024] UKFTT 00567 (TC), the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) confirmed that HMRC's DOTAS application was automatically struck out when it failed to serve an authorities bundle on time in breach of an 'unless' order issued by the FTT.
Read moreTribunal confirms that trading had commenced for the purposes of Entrepreneur's Relief
In allowing the taxpayer's appeal, the First-tier Tribunal determined that an LLP had commenced trading for the purposes of Entrepreneur's Relief.
Read moreTribunal confirms principal private residence relief available where development began before sale of land
In the recent Nunn case, the First-tier Tax Tribunal allowed the taxpayer's claim for principal private residence relief, where development on land began before its sale.
Read moreEffective case management before the Tax Tribunal
Adam Craggs and Daniel Williams consider the various stages involved in a tax appeal to the First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber).
Read moreGrowth vs. client care: SRA’s warning on mergers and the risk to public trust
We consider the key takeaways from the SRA's warning notice to firms growing by merger, which urges firms to keep client interests central to their decision-making processes.
Read moreTribunal allows taxpayer's appeal and confirms that non-residential SDLT rates applied
In Anne-Marie Hurst v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 00540 (TC), the First-tier Tax Tribunal allowed the taxpayer's appeal against HMRC's closure notice, in which HMRC concluded that the residential rate of SDLT was due on the purchase of a property because the sellers had used it as a 'hotel, inn or similar establishment' (HISE).
Read moreFirst conviction under section 2 CJA 1987 overturned – RPC Analysis
On 16 September 2024, the first conviction for failure to comply with a notice to provide documents or information required by the Serious Fraud Office ("SFO") was overturned by Judge Nicholas Rimmer at Southwark Crown Court. Although this case was highly fact specific, it may result in a less enthusiastic approach towards pursuing such convictions in the future.
Read moreHMRC's offshore information gathering powers
This blog considers HMRC's information gathering powers and, in particular, their application to High Net Worth individuals.
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